Reading list: list of key points and texts:
'These animals have become prisoners of human/social situations - Gandville'
'Animals have been transformed into human puppets... the pettiness of social practises is universalised by being projected on to the animal kingdom'
Berger J. (2009) 'Why look at Animals?' London, Penguin. pp. 25-26
History of talking animal stories. 19th century significant to the development of anthropomorphism.
Cosslett, T. (2006) 'Talking animals in British children’s fiction', 1786-1914. Aldershot: Ashgate.
'The majority of children’s literature is male dominated. Male characters are also twice as likely to be the main character, male characters are also twice as likely to be represented in their book’s title.'
'Female characters are usually ‘sweet, comforting, and dependant.'
Ernst, S.B (1995) ‘Gender Issues in Books for Children and Young Adults’ Battling Dragons: Issues and Controversy in Children's Literature.’ Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Female characters are seen as more nurturing and seen in more indoor scenes'
Hamilton M.C. et al. (2006) ‘Gender Stereotyping and Under-representation of Female Characters in 200 Popular Children’s Picture Books: A Twenty First Century Update.’ Sex Roles, pp 55, 757-765
Symbolic annihilation of gender and its adverse effects on children. However better representation of female authors allow better representation of female characters. Growth in comparable numbers since the 1960s. Especially over years 1995-2001.
Casey, K., Novick, K., Lourenco, S.F. (2021) ‘Sixty years of gender representation in children’s books: Conditions associated with overrepresentation of male versus female protagonists’ PLoS ONE 16(12): e0260566
The gender bias was larger when central characters were depicted as non-human animals instead of humans, or as adults instead of children.
McCabe J. et al. (2011) ‘Gender in Twentieth-Century Children’s Books: Patterns of Disparity in Titles and Central Characters’, Gender & Society, 25(2), pp. 197–226.
'supposedly characteristic animal attributes are identified with human behaviour'
Nodelman, P. (1990) Words about pictures : the narrative art of children’s picture books. Athens, University of Georgia Press.
'Symbolic annihilation of women. Negative effects it has on young girls and their self worth.'
Sociologists for Women in Society (2011) ‘Gender bias uncovered in children’s books with male characters, including male animals, leading the fictional pack.’ ScienceDaily. Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110503151607.htm
Asserting personality. Not yet trapped by gender roles. May be surrounded by stereotypical females - brings about the point of it being important not to villainise different representation - just want equal representation of women.
Trites R.S (1997) 'Waking Sleeping Beauty: Feminist Voices in Children's Literature' University of Iowa
'Most childrens books are about boys, men, and male animals, and most deal exclusively with male adventures'
Weitzman L.J. et al. (1972) ‘Sex-Role Socialization in Picture Books for Preschool Children’ American Journal of Sociology, 77 (6), pp. 1125-50.
'These animals have become prisoners of human/social situations - Gandville'
'Animals have been transformed into human puppets... the pettiness of social practises is universalised by being projected on to the animal kingdom'
Berger J. (2009) 'Why look at Animals?' London, Penguin. pp. 25-26
History of talking animal stories. 19th century significant to the development of anthropomorphism.
Cosslett, T. (2006) 'Talking animals in British children’s fiction', 1786-1914. Aldershot: Ashgate.
'The majority of children’s literature is male dominated. Male characters are also twice as likely to be the main character, male characters are also twice as likely to be represented in their book’s title.'
'Female characters are usually ‘sweet, comforting, and dependant.'
Ernst, S.B (1995) ‘Gender Issues in Books for Children and Young Adults’ Battling Dragons: Issues and Controversy in Children's Literature.’ Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Female characters are seen as more nurturing and seen in more indoor scenes'
Hamilton M.C. et al. (2006) ‘Gender Stereotyping and Under-representation of Female Characters in 200 Popular Children’s Picture Books: A Twenty First Century Update.’ Sex Roles, pp 55, 757-765
Symbolic annihilation of gender and its adverse effects on children. However better representation of female authors allow better representation of female characters. Growth in comparable numbers since the 1960s. Especially over years 1995-2001.
Casey, K., Novick, K., Lourenco, S.F. (2021) ‘Sixty years of gender representation in children’s books: Conditions associated with overrepresentation of male versus female protagonists’ PLoS ONE 16(12): e0260566
The gender bias was larger when central characters were depicted as non-human animals instead of humans, or as adults instead of children.
McCabe J. et al. (2011) ‘Gender in Twentieth-Century Children’s Books: Patterns of Disparity in Titles and Central Characters’, Gender & Society, 25(2), pp. 197–226.
'supposedly characteristic animal attributes are identified with human behaviour'
Nodelman, P. (1990) Words about pictures : the narrative art of children’s picture books. Athens, University of Georgia Press.
'Symbolic annihilation of women. Negative effects it has on young girls and their self worth.'
Sociologists for Women in Society (2011) ‘Gender bias uncovered in children’s books with male characters, including male animals, leading the fictional pack.’ ScienceDaily. Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110503151607.htm
Asserting personality. Not yet trapped by gender roles. May be surrounded by stereotypical females - brings about the point of it being important not to villainise different representation - just want equal representation of women.
Trites R.S (1997) 'Waking Sleeping Beauty: Feminist Voices in Children's Literature' University of Iowa
'Most childrens books are about boys, men, and male animals, and most deal exclusively with male adventures'
Weitzman L.J. et al. (1972) ‘Sex-Role Socialization in Picture Books for Preschool Children’ American Journal of Sociology, 77 (6), pp. 1125-50.
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